Thursday, August 14, 2008

Bible Songs 2008-1

Songs Week of
2 October 2007



The story is told of a young man who was preparing for a long trip. He told his friend,
"I am just about packed. I only have to put in a guidebook, a mirror, a microscope, a lamp, a telescope, a volume of fine poetry, a package of old letters, a few biographies, a book of songs, a sword, a hammer, and a set of books I've been studying."
"But you can't get all that into your bag," said his friend.
"Oh yes I can," he replied It doesn't take much room."
With that, he placed his Bible in the corner of his suitcase and closed the lid.
IN THE BEGINNING
This list of the biblical canon was set to music by jazz great, Duke Ellington. The Bible is divided into two Testaments or Covenants: the Jewish Testament, which Christians call the Old Testament; and the New Testament, with Jesus Christ as the center of the Covenant. Jewish Bibles are arranged a little differently from Christian Bibles. First of course there is no New Testament in the Jewish Bible. Because for Jews Jesus has not replaced the Torah (or Law/Teaching of Moses). The Jewish Bible, in other words, is not "old," but current. The Mosaic Law (Law of Moses) rules even today, although blood sacrifices ceased with the destruction of the Temple in 70 A.D. For Christians, blood sacrifices ceased because Jesus was the perfect blood sacrifice, so no other was needed.
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Michah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Matthew Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation.

IN THE BEGINNING
This is part of American composer, Aaron Copland's a cappella ("in chapel style"=without instruments) setting of the first verses of Genesis, called In the Beginning (1947).
1: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
2: And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
3: And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
4: And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
5: And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
6: And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
7: And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
8: And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
9: And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
10: And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
JEREMIAH and Genesis
"Intertextuality" is a key word in modern critical theory, meaning that texts refer to other texts. The Bible was the first "intertextual" book and became more so by the time of Jesus, so that almost every word Jesus spoke seemed to predict Jesus or Jesus seemed to fulfill the Jewish Scriptures. The incipit (first words) of the Gospel of John famously refers back to the first words of Genesis. Here Jeremiah mocks the words of Creation in Genesis by warning of a de-creation for the sinful people of his time:

I beheld the earth and lo, it was without form ad void and the Heavens and they had no light. I beheld the mountains and lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly I beheld and lo, there was no man and all the birds of the heavens were fled. I beheld and lo the fruitful place was a wilderness and all the cities thereof were broken down by the presence of the Lord and by his fierce anger.
MAN GAVE NAMES TO ALL THE ANIMALS
In the 1970s Bob Dylan became a Christian. It's not clear if he's still a Christian, but this song, about Adam naming the animals, is from his first Christian album:
Man gave names to all the animals In the beginning, in the beginning. Man gave names to all the animals In the beginning, long time ago.
He saw an animal that liked to growl, big furry paws and he liked to howl, great big furry back and furry hair. "I think I'll call it a bear."

THE TITANIC
The water was always a source of terror to the Jews, who were not a seafaring people (not good on the sea). Moreover to combat pagan sea gods, the Jews made clear "in the beginning" that God ruled the seas (Jesus will do the same when he walks on water); and in the book of Revelation, there is no sea and so no monsters of the sea. In psychological terms, there are no mental monsters (the sea=the unconscious). Here the modern terror of the sea is imagined as punishment from God for wicked (in this case, rich) people. These sentiments may sound vengeful, as do many psalms; but the idea is that God's goodness must be upheld:
God moves on the waters, April the 14th day, children. God moves on the water, everybody had to run and pray. Titanic left Southhampton and all was sport and games, but when they struck that iceberg I know their minds were changed.
God moves on the waters, April the 14th day. Yes, God moves on the waters, everybody had to run and pray. Their mothers told their daughters on a pleasure trip they may go but when they struck that iceberg they haven't been seen anymore. God moves on the water, April the 14th day. Yes, God moves on the water, everybody had to run and pray.

THE CREATION
This is a brief section from the beginning of Haydn's famous oratorio, The Creation, especially memorable for its setting of the climactic word, "light." (An oratorio is a religious choral setting of a text, from the Latin "orare" meaning "to pray." [The Latin root survives in the English words "oration" and "orator."])
And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.


ADAM IN THE GARDEN
An early Afro-American shout (praise) song, based on a famous text in Genesis:
God called Adam, pinning [picking] up the leaves, Adam in the garden, pinning up leaves. God called Adam pinning up the leaves, Adam wouldn't answer, pinning up leaves (2)
THE JUICE OF THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT

Way back in old times long years before the war, when the apple tree Eve she did climb. She threw down the core that made her feel sore for Adam her husband to chaw [chew, eat]. And ever since then, all manner of men, the blind and the lame and the mute, the bankers and clerks, politicians and turks drink the juice of the forbidden fruit.
ADAM LAY YBOUNDEN

{This old English song says that Adam (that is, Man) lay bound ("ybounden") in sin for four thousand years because he ate the apple. Yet if the apple had not been eaten, the Virgin Mary ("heavenly queen"), mother of Jesus, would never have come. In this view, sin became a gift, as in the famous Latin phrase, "felix culpa," or "happy fault."}
Adam lay ybounden*, bounden* in a bond. Four thousand [*bound
winters thought he not too long. And all was for an apple, an apple that he took. As clerks* finden* written in their book. Ne* had [*writers *find *nor
the apple taken been (the apple taken been) Ne had never our lady
a-been* heavenly queen. Blessed be the time that apple taken [*had been
was, therefore we moun* singen*, Deo gracias*! [*might *sing *Thanks to God!

Sacred Harp Gospel: Ocean
This is a "fuging" choral music from early America. "Fuging" refers to the "chasing" of one voice after another, so different parts of the tune are sung at the same time. Simply, this is "counterpoint," but not as smooth as in classical music. This song shows the terror of the sea, common in the Bible, as well as God's mastery over it:
Thy works of glory, mighty Lord, that rules the boisterous [noisy] sea: who tempts the dangerous way, at Thy command the winds arise and swell the towering [big] waves. The men astonished mount the skies and sink in gaping graves.
THE APPLE TREE
Written by the team of Bock and Harnick, who wrote Fiddler on the Roof, The Apple Tree included three stories, one of which was about Adam and Eve. These two songs are from that musical. The first is Eve's monologue in Eden; the second is the serpent's temptation of Eve:
HERE IN EDEN
So many creatures, so many things, each one wondrous object is beautiful and striking and I see nothing that isn't to my liking, here in Eden. There's plums and peaches and pears and grapes, so ripe and juicy and utterly inviting. I find the apples especially exciting here in Eden.
As for me, I can see I was meant to rejoice in the round vibrant sound of my own voice. It's all so perfect and so ideal and yet I do have one tiny reservation, there's nothing handy for making conversation here in Eden.
How did I come, where am I from, what's my utlimate aim, I don't know, even so, I'm glad I came. It's all so lovely, I may just weep, I love this garden and everything that's in it. And something tells me to treasure every minute, blossoms and violets, mountains and mud, I know I'll be happy, perfectly happy here in Eden.
FORBIDDEN FRUIT
Listen closely let me fill you in about the rich ripe round red rosy apples they call forbidden fruit, what I'm about to say is confidential so promise you'll be mute, because if every creature in the garden knows, they'll come round like hungry buffalos and in no time there'll be none of those precious apples left for you and me. Now in the average apple you're accustomed to skins, seed, flesh and core. But you will find that these are special apples that give you something more. Why every seed contains some information that you need to speed your education, the seeds indeed of all creation are here. Why be foolish, my dear? Come with me to that tree.
With every sweet and juicy luscious bite of this not forbidden fruit, you'll see your mind expand and your perceptions grow more and more acute and you can teach him plumbing and philosophy, new techniques for glazing pottery, woodcraft, first aid or economy, Madam, Adam will be overjoyed when he becomes aware of your attainments he'll beam with loving pride, and he will say "Oh Eve you're indispensable please don't leave my side. And with your nifty new-found education, he'll relish every conversation, why you'll be Adam's inspiration this way, just an apple a day, wait and see, come with me to that tree, now!


THE STORY OF ADAM AND EVE
This song shows how Bible stories have become part of popular culture.
In the garden of Eden, a long time ago There was a story I'm sure you all know, I'm sure you remember and I know you believe The story of Adam and Eve. The Bible has been the source of much humor, as well as what we now call "sexism" (blaming women). Here are two references to the Adam and Eve story in early Rock records:
Adam told Eve, "Listen here to me, don't you let me catch you messing 'round that apple tree."
Yes, Adam was happy as a man could be 'til he started messing with that old apple tree. Ain't that just like a woman, ain't that just like a woman, ain't that just like a woman, they'll do it everytime.




JOB and PSALMS
Songs Week of 8 January 2008

JOB
BLESSED BE THE NAME
You know Job was the richest man that ever lived in the land of Nod. So true! Job's servants came running. They said, "all your cattle are dead." Job's servants came running. They said, "all your cattle are dead." He said, "The Lord giveth, the Lord taketh," You should say, "Blessed be the name of the Lord." Job's wife came to him, she had the Devil in her eye. Something I want to tell you, Job. She said, "Job, let me tell you, Job." She said "Job," she said "Job, why don't you curse your God and die." Then Job looked at her, and then he looked up in the sky ("Go away woman, now"). Woman, woman, you don't sound like my wife. Yeah, he said, "The Lord giveth (woman), the Lord taketh, well now, I want to say, blessed be the name of the Lord." Job said, "I'll wait, I'm going to wait here on the Lord." Job said, "I'll wait (sure enough now), I'm going to wait till my change does come." He said, "The Lord giveth, the Lord taketh. Blessed be the name of the Lord."

SIRE OF SORROW
Let me speak, let me spit out my bitterness--borne of grief and nights without sleep and festering flesh Do you have eyes? Can you see like mankind sees? Why have you soured and curdled me? Oh you tireless watcher! What have I done to you? That you make everything I dread and everything I fear come true? Once I was blessed; I was awaited like the rain Like eyes for the blind, like feet for the lame Kings heard my words, and they sought out my company But now the janitors of Shadowland flick their brooms at me Oh you tireless watcher! What have I done to you? that you make everything I dread and everything I fear come true? (Antagonists: Man is the sire of sorrow) I've lost all taste for life I'm all complaints Tell me why do you starve the faithful? Why do you crucify the saints? And you let the wicked prosper You let their children frisk like deer And my loves are dead or dying, or they don't come near (Antagonists: We don't despise your chastening God is correcting you) Oh and look who comes to counsel my deep distress Oh, these pompous physicians What carelessness! (Antagonists: Oh all this ranting all this wind Filling our ears with trash) Breathtaking ignorance adding insult to injury! They come blaming and shaming (Antagonists: Evil doer) And shattering me (Antagonists: This vain man wishes to seem wise A man born of asses) Oh you tireless watcher! What have I done to you? That you make everything I dread and everything I fear come true? (Antagonists: We don't despise your chastening) Already on a bed of sighs and screams, And still you torture me with visions You give me terrifying dreams! Better I was carried from the womb straight to the grave. I see the diggers waiting, they're leaning on their spades. (Antagonists: Man is the sire of sorrow Sure as the sparks ascend) Where is hope while you're wondering what went wrong? Why give me light and then this dark without a dawn? (Antagonists: Evil is sweet in your mouth Hiding under your tongue) Show your face! (Antagonists: What a long fall from grace) Help me understand!
What is the reason for your heavy hand? (Antagonists: You're stumbling in shadows You have no name now) Was it the sins of my youth? What have I done to you? That you make everything I dread and everything I fear come true? (Antagonists: Oh your guilt must weigh so greatly) Everything I dread and everything I fear come true (Antagonists: Man is the sire of sorrow) Oh you make everything I dread and everything I fear come true.


TERRIBLE LIE

By the Industrial band, Nine Inch Nails. The theme of Job is presented in a modern idiom.

(hey god) why are you doing this to me? am i not living up to what i'm supposed to be? why am i seething with this animosity? i think you owe me a great big apology terrible lie...terrible lie...terrible lie...terrible lie i really don't know what you mean seems like salvation comes only in my dreams i feel my hatred grow all the more extreme. can this world really be as sad as it seems? terrible lie...terrible lie...terrible lie...terrible lie don't take it away from me; i need you to hold on to don't take it away from me; i need you to hold on to don't take it away from me; i need you to hold on to don't take it away from me; i need someone to hold on to don't tear it away from me; i need you to hold on to don't tear it away from me; i need someone to hold on to don't tear it away from me; i need you to hold on to don't tear it...don't tear it...don't take it, don't take it, don't... there's nothing left for me to hide i lost my ignorance, security, and pride i'm all alone in a world you must despise i believed your promises, your promises and lies terrible lie...terrible lie...terrible lie...terrible lie terrible lie you make me throw it all away my morals left to decay (terrible lie) how many you betray you've taken everything (terrible lie) my head is filled with disease my skin is begging you, please (terrible lie) i'm on my hands and knees i want so much to believe i need someone to hold on to.

ALL FOR THE BEST
From the hit musical, Godspell (based on the Gospel of St. Matthew), composed by Stephen Schwarz, Oscared for Prince of Egypt ("When You Believe"). "Day by Day" was the musical's biggest hit; but "All for the Best" fits in with the JOB theme. The song begins with a man under a "curse. "As in JOB, the man's wife is "sighing, crying." The next section mocks Job's "comforters" who explain "it's all for the best." "Job" complains how bad people have good lives: "born to live at ease, doing what they please," etc. (JOB, Chapter 21). The melodies are sung together (as "counter-melodies"), making the song sound like babble!

First Melody (in soft-shoe style)
When you feel sad, or under a curse Your life is bad, your prospects are worse
Your wife is sighing, crying, And your olive tree is dying, Temples are graying, and teeth are decaying And creditors weighing your purse. Your mood and your robe Are both a deep blue
You'd bet that Job Had nothing on you. Don't forget that when you get to Heaven you'll be blessed. Yes, it's all for the best!

Second Melody (in patter style)
Some men are born to live at ease, doing what they please, Richer than the bees are in honey
Never growing old, never feeling cold Pulling pots of gold from thin air The best in every town, best at shaking down Best at making mountains of money They can't take it with them, but what do they care? They get the center of the meat, cushions on the seat Houses on the street where it's sunny. Summers at the sea, winters warm and free All of this and we get the rest. But who is the land for? the sun and the sand for? You guessed! It's all for the best!

Some men are born to live at ease, doing what they please,
Richer than the bees are in honey
Never growing old, never feeling cold
Pulling pots of gold from thin air
The best in every town, best at shaking down
Best at making mountains of money
They can't take it with them, but what do they care?
They get the center of the meat, cushions on the seat
Houses on the street where it's sunny..
Summers at the sea, winters warm and free
All of this and we get the rest.
But who is the land for? the sun and the sand for?
You guessed! It's all for the best!
When you feel sad, or under a curse
Your life is bad, your prospects are worse
Your wife is sighing, crying,
And your olive tree is dying,
Temples are graying, and teeth are decaying
And creditors weighing your purse.
Your mood and your robe
Are both a deep blue
You'd bet that Job
Had nothing on you.
Don't forget that when you get to
Heaven you'll be blessed!
Yes, it's all for the best!
You must never feel distressed. All your wrongs will be redressed. Someone's got to be oppressed!
I KNOW THAT MY REDEEMER LIVES
Traditional hymn based on the most famous verse from the book of Job, also famously set by Handel in the Messiah.
I know that my Redeemer lives; What comfort this sweet sentence gives! He lives, He lives, who once was dead; He lives, my ever living Head. He lives to bless me with His love, He lives to plead for me above. He lives my hungry soul to feed, He lives to bless in time of need.
Ralph Vaughan Williams: Job (ballet)
Vaughan-Williams used an oily saxophone to imitate Job's Comforters in a ballet setting of the book of Job.

P S A L M S


PSALM 1
Blessed is he who follows the Lord, he will not stand in the path of the sinner, he will not sit in the seat of the scoffer for the law of the Lord is his delight.

Psalm 23
Probably the most famous Bible text among both Jews and Christians.
The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever.
PSALM 23: HYMN
A hymn is a church song in rhyme. To rhyme or keep the verse form, transposed phrases are used. Thus, "He makes me down to lie" instead of "He makes me lie down," "pastures green" instead of "green pastures," and "the quiet waters by" instead of "by the quiet waters."
The Lord’s my Shepherd, I’ll not want. He makes me down to lie In pastures green; He leadeth me The quiet waters by.
PSALM 30:11, 12
This sounds like the way Psalms were meant to be sung.

You have turned my mourning to joy unbounded, li, li, li! Sackcloth off! Tears have gone! Feet begin to dance! Girded me with gladness and now I'm laughing, ha! ha! ha! To the end my glory will sing your highest praise! I will not be silent! oh no! I want to shout and sing! Resurrection life is a a-spilling out from me. (Hebrew) (Back to English)
PSALM 37: 25
I once was young and now I'm old and still my eyes have not seen, and forsaken by God nor his children begging for bread.
PSALM 40
I waited for the Lord my God and patiently did bear, at length to me he did reply my voice and cry to him. He took me from my fearful pit and from the miry plain and on a rock he set my feet established in my way.
PSALM 40
A setting of the same psalm by the Irish Rock group, U2.
I waited patiently for the Lord. He inclined and heard my cry. He brought me up out of the pit Out of the miry clay. I will sing, sing a new song. I will sing, sing a new song. This is our song. Hallelujah Hallelujah
Hallelujah Hallelujah He set my feet upon a rock And made my footsteps firm. Many will see, many will see and hear. And I will sing, sing a new song. I will sing, sing a new song Hallelujah (x).

PSALM 46
The most famous setting of this psalm is by the German reformer, Martin Luther.
A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing; Our helper He, amid the flood of mortal ills prevailing: For still our ancient foe doth seek to work us woe; His craft and power are great, and, armed with cruel hate, On earth is not his equal.
PSALM 55
This is part of the famous concert setting by the German composer, Felix Mendelssohn.
O for the wings of a dove, far away, far away would I go.
PSALM 62
My soul wait thou only only upon God, for from him is my expectation (x). He is my defense, I shall not be moved. He is my defense, I shall not be moved.
I SHALL NOT BE MOVED
A blend of imagery from Psalms 1 and 62, this famous Gospel song has been performed by almost everyone, including Johnny Cash, Elvis Presley, as well as Presley's backup Gospel quartet, The Jordanaires (named after the River Jordan).
I shall not be, I shall not be, I shall not be moved, just like a tree that's planted by the water. Jesus is my Savior, I shall not be moved, in his loving favor I shall not be moved, just like a tree that's planted by the water, I shall not be moved.
PSALM 90
A setting of verses from Psalm 90 (attributed to Moses), by the early American composer, William Billings.
Teach me the measure of my days, thou maker of my frame. I would survey life's narrow space and learn how frail I am. A span is all that we can boast an inch or two of time. Man is but vanity and dust in all his flower and prime.
PSALM 91
In the British version of Dickens' A Christmas Carol (Scrooge), Bob Cratchit's family recite these verses after Tiny Tim dies.

He shall cover thee with his feathers and under his wings thou shall trust. His truth shall be thy shield and buckler. Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night nor for the arrows that flieth by day. A thousand shall fall at thy side and ten thousand at thy right hand, but it shall not come nigh thee. For he shall give his angels charge over thee to keep thee in all thy ways. Because he has set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him, I will set him on high because he has known my name. Because thou hast made the Lord which is my refuge, even the most high thy habitation, there shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come thy way. He shall call upon me and I will answer him. I will be with him in trouble, I will deliver him and honor him.
PSALM 91
In Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy, a necktie strangler's victim recites this psalm while her killer, mocking psalmody, antiphonally recites "lovely" to each verse.

I shall not be afraid for the terror by night (lovely) nor for the arrow which flieth by day (lovely) nor for the pestilence which walketh in darkness (lovely) nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday (lovely). He shall give his angels charge over thee to guard thee in all thy ways (lovely).
PSALM 100
This is a traditional hymn setting of Psalm 100, with usual transposed phrases. Thus, "Him serve with love" instead of "Serve him with love."
All people that on earth do dwell, Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice. Him serve with love, His praise forth tell; Come ye before Him and rejoice. Know that Lord is God indeed; Without our aid He did us make; We are His folk, He doth us feed, And for His sheep He doth us take. O enter then His gates with praise; Approach with joy His courts unto; Praise, laud, and bless His Name always, For it is seemly so to do.

PSALM 103
A gospel setting of Psalm 103:
Bless the Lord, oh my soul, and all that is within me, bless his holy name. He has done great things (x), bless his holy name. He has done great things (so many great things). He has done great things (so many great things), bless his holy name. I will bless the Lord, oh my soul and (all) everything that is within me, bless his holy name.
PSALM 103
From the musical, Godspell. An "ascent" psalm (120-34), for the journey to the temple in Jerusalem.
Oh bless the Lord my soul! His praise to thee proclaim! And all that is within me join, To bless His holy name! Oh yeah! Oh bless the Lord my soul! His mercies bear in mind! Forget not all His benefits, The Lord, to thee, is kind. He will not always chide He will with patience wait His wrath is ever slow to rise Oh bless the Lord And ready to abate And ready to abate Oh yeah! Oh bless the lord Bless the lord my soul Oh bless the lord my soul! He pardons all thy sins Prolongs thy feeble breath He healeth thine infirmities And ransoms thee from death He clothes thee with his love Upholds thee with his truth And like an eagle he renews The vigor of thy youth Then bless His holy name Whose grace hath made thee whole Whose love and kindness crowns Thy days
Oh bless the lord Bless the lord my soul Oh bless the lord my soul! Bless the lord my soul Oh bless the lord my soul! Bless the lord my soul Oh bless the lord my soul! Bless the lord, bless the lord My soul! Bless the lord my soul!

Psalm 122
A Gospel setting of this psalm:
I was glad, I was glad, I was glad, I was glad when they said unto me (I was glad), I was glad when they said unto me, I was glad when they said unto me, "Let us go into the house of the Lord." I rejoiced, I rejoiced, I rejoiced, I rejoiced when they said unto me (I rejoiced), I rejoiced when they said unto me, I rejoiced when they said unto me, "Let us go into the house of the Lord." Amen.
Psalm 117
One of the Hallel (Praise) psalms (113-118), this is a setting by Mozart, to a Latin text.
PSALM 121
(Simple Song)
From Leonard Bernstein's Mass, based mostly on Psalm 121.
Blessed is the man who loves the lord. Blessed is the man who praises him Lauda, lauda, laude And walks in his ways I will lift up my eyes To the hills from whence comes my help, I will lift up my voice to the Lord Singing lauda laude For the Lord is my shade Is the shade upon my right hand And the sun shall not smite me by day nor the moon by night Blessed is the man who loves the lord Lauda, lauda, laude And walks in his ways.
Psalm 122
This setting of Psalm 122 imitates the parallel structure of biblical poetry (line 2 repeats line 1 in different words).
I was glad when they said unto me (x) let us go into the house of the Lord. I rejoiced when they said unto me (x) let us go into the house of the Lord.
PSALM 136
This psalm is sometimes referred to as the Great Hallel (Praise) psalm.
Give thanks unto the Lord; for his mercy endureth forever. Give thanks unto the Lord of Lords, who alone doeth great wonders, for his mercy endureth forever. Give thanks to him that by wisdom made the heavens. Give thanks unto the Lord; for his mercy endureth forever. Give thanks to him that stretched out the earth above the water. Give thanks to him that made great lights, for his mercy endureth forever. The sun to rule by day, and the moon and stars to rule by night, for his mercy endureth forever.
Psalm 137
A famous "imprecatory" (curse) psalm, set by many composers, including Verdi in his opera, Nabucco.

By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion.
On the Willows
This is a setting of Psalm 137 from the Broadway/film musical, Godspell.
On the willows, there we hung up our lives. For our captors there required of us songs and our tormentors' mirth. On the willows, there we hung up our lives. For our captors there required of us songs and our tormentor's mirth, saying, "Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Sing us one of the songs of Zion." But how can we sing--sing the Lord's songs in a foreign land?

RIVERS OF BABYLON
A Reggae setting of the Psalm 137.
By the rivers of Babylon, where we sat down, and there we wept, when we remembered Zion. When the wicked carried us away in captivity--required from us a song. How can we sing King Alpha's song in a strange land? When the wicked carried us away in captivity--required from us a song. How can we sing King Alpha's song in a strange land? Sing it aloud!
PSALM 139
(Vv. 23-34, 1-4, 7-10.)
Search me O God and know my heart. Try me and know my thoughts and see if any wicked way be in me and lead me in the everlasting way I've sought. O Lord you have searched me, you know me. From a far, you understand my thoughts. With all my ways you are acquainted. You know it all my Lord and I did know it not.
(In Spanish) Mirame oh Senor y conoce mi corazon, pruebame oh Senor! y conoce me pensar. Ye ve si hay en mi camino de perversion. Y guiame en el camino eterno (x)

PSALM 150
Hallelujah praise ye the Lord with cymbals high and pure. Hallelujah praise ye the Lord with cymbals loud and clear. All that have breath, praise ye the Lord, hallelujah, hallelujah. All that have breath praise ye the Lord, hallelujah.
SABBATH PRAYER
(From the musical Fiddler on the Roof)
May the Lord protect and defend you. May He always shield you from shame. May you come to be In Israel a shining name. May you be like Ruth and like Esther. May you be deserving of praise. Strengthen them, Oh Lord, And keep them from the strangers' ways. May God bless you and grant you long lives. (May the Lord fulfill our Sabbath prayer for you.) May God make you good mothers and wives. (May He send you husbands who will care for you.) May the Lord protect and defend you. May the Lord preserve you from pain. Favor them, Oh Lord, with happiness and peace. Oh, hear our Sabbath prayer. Amen.

Songs: Week of 25 December 2007
SWING DOWN, SWEET CHARIOT
One of the more famous Gospel songs (not to be confused with the even more famous spiritual, "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"). Elijah's assumption into Heaven becomes a model for a blessed death (though apparently Elijah didn't actually die).
Swing down, sweet chariot coming to carry me home. Why don't you swing down sweet chariot, stop, and let me ride (2), oh rock me Lord, rock me Lord, calm and easy, I've got a home on the other side. (2) Look over yonder, what did I see? Something like a chariot coming after me.
Three white horses, side by side. Swing down chariot and let me ride. Why don't you swing down sweet chariot, stop, and let me ride, oh rock me Lord, rock me Lord, calm and easy, I've got a home on the other side. Met my mother this morning, coming up the hill so slow trying to get to Heaven in due time before the Heaven do close. Why don't you wake me, shake me, don't let me sleep too late. Trying to get to Heaven in due time before Heaven close. I'm bound for higher ground, I'm seeking the holy ground, can't remain on the surface, I'm bound for higher ground.
RASTA MAN
A Reggae song. References are to Elijah (on Mt. Carmel) and Joshua. "Rasta" refers to Rastafarianism, a Jamaican religion based on the idea that Solomon had a child with the Queen of Sheba. Thus Ethiopians and Jamaicans are descendents of the House of David, with the same Covenant (the Davidic Covenant).
It was Elijah who prayed that it did not rain. (He was a Rasta man.) He prayed and the rains came again. (He was a Rasta man.) It was Joshua who commanded the sun to stand still. (He was a Rasta man.) He did that according to his Master's will. (He was a Rasta man.) What a dread, dread whola one! The Rasta man comes from Zion.
NOW SHALL MY INWARD JOY
This hymn, by the American Colonial composer, William Billings, insures the Jewish people of God's everlasting covenant, proof that the temple and the city's walls shall be rebuilt, as shown in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah.
Now shall my inward joy arise, and burst into a song. Almighty Love inspires my heart and pleasure tunes my tongue. God on his thirsty Zion Hill, some mercy drops has thrown and solemn oaths have bound his love to shower our salvation down. Why do we then indulge our fears, suspicions and complaints? Is he a God and shall his grace grow weary of his saints? Can a kind woman ever forget the infant of her womb and 'monst a tousand rtender thoughts her suckling have no room? Yet, saith the Lord, should Nature change and mothers monsters prove, Zion still dwells upon the heart of everlasting love. Deep on the palms of both my hands I have engraved her Name; my hands shall raise her ruined walls and build her broken frame.

SOMEBODY UP THERE LIKES ME
This is a actually the title song from a Paul Newman film. But the song is based on ideas that can be traced back to the assurance of a personal protection by God in God's promise to King David (the Davidic Covenant).
Somebody up there likes me, somebody up there cares, somebody up there knows my fears and hears my silent prayers, talks with me when I'm lonely, walks with me when the night is long, yes somebody up there likes me, whatever betide me, he'll comfort and guide me and stand beside right or wrong, he'll stand beside me right or wrong, as sure as he lights the stars, the earth and the gentle sea, I'm certain that somebody, yes somebody up there likes me!
STRONG AGAIN
This might have been written by David, who would soon become king and be "strong again." Or it might have been sung by Nehemiah and those who rebuilt Jerusalem's wall after King Cyrus of Persia allowed them to do so and they were "ready to go" from Babylon after the fifty-year Babylonian Exile.
Strong again, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. You can't stop me, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. You can't stop me, child, I'm ready to go. Everyone tried to trip me up, I've had to drink from a bitter cup. I've been as low as I've ever been. But that was then, now I'm strong again. Strong again, child, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. You know, I've been low as I've ever been. That was then, child, I'm strong again. I'm ready to move, I'm ready to go. I'm a child of God, 'cause that's how it's so. Lord if you need me, just say when. Choose me and use me, I'm strong again. Strong again, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. Choose me, use me, I'm strong again. Just say when Lord, I'm strong again! Choose me, use me, use me Lord, I'm strong again. Fit for service, fit for your use. Use me Lord, I'm strong again. Strong again, I'm ready to go. Strong again, I'm ready to go. You can' t stop me, I'm ready to go. You can't stop me, I'm ready to go.
CRYING IN THE CHAPEL
A 1960 recording by Elvis Presley became a big hit when finally released as a single in 1964. Elvis' recording can be heard here; another recording by the Gospel singer, Mahalia Jackson, can be heard here. A "chapel" is a private church or a special section of a church used for prayer. The point of the song is the need for separate communion with God. The word "temple" is related to the word "time": time separated from regular worldly time in order to worship God.

You saw me crying in the chapel. The tears I shed were tears of joy I know the meaning of contentment Now I am happy with the lord Just a plain and simple chapel Where humble people go to pray I pray the lord that Ill grow stronger As I live from day to day Ive searched and Ive searched But I couldn't find No way on earth To gain peace of mind Now Im happy in the chapel Where people are of one accord We gather in the chapel Just to sing and praise the lord
Every sinner looks for something That will put his heart at ease There is only one true answer He must get down on his knees Meet your neighbor in the chapel Join with him in tears of joy Youll know the meaning of contentment Then youll be happy with the lord Youll search and youll search But youll never find No way on earth To gain peace of mind Take your troubles to the chapel Get down on your knees and pray Your burdens will be lighter And you'll surely find the way.

HAMAN'S ARIA
Though German, Handel mastered Italian opera, then, in England, invented the English oratorio with Esther, the first of many, including Messiah. (The English oratorio made greater use of the chorus.) We hear Haman's plot to kill Jews. It's interesting to note that antisemitism, as we know it today, began during the Diaspora (dispersion) of the Jews that began with the Babylonian Captivity and later in the Persian period. It appears in the book of Daniel and in the book of Esther, because Jews refused to honor local gods.

It is decreed all the Jewish race shall bleed. Hear and obey what Haman's voice commands. Let Jewish blood dye every hand, let Jewish blood dye every hand. Nor age nor sex I spare, no age nor sex I spare. No age nor sex I spare. Raze, raze, raze, their temples to the ground and let their place no more be found.

SHILOH
The tune, "Shiloh," is a hymn on the birth of Jesus by the American Colonial composer, William Billings. Tunes used to be given special titles with no relation to the lyrics. "Shiloh" refers to an early Israelite shrine, where the Ark of the Covenant was kept before being moved to Jerusalem. When the site was destroyed by the Philistines, the Shilonite priests moved to Nob, where they were killed by King Saul, except for Abiathar, later killed by King Solomon for supporting Adonijah's claim to the throne. In this way, the Shilonite priesthood lost its power, replaced by the Jerusalem priesthood starting with Zadok, who supported Solomon.
Methinks I see an heavenly host of angels on the wing. Methinks I hear their cheerful notes, So merrily they sing, so merrily they sing. Let all your fears be banished, glad tidings I proclaim, for there is a savior born today and Jesus is his name and Jesus is his name.

Puer Natus
"A Child Is Born" is a famous Gregorian chant on the birth of Jesus, also adapted in "New Age" style by Aine Minogue. Latin and English verses are included. (Compare English cognates, or related words: puerile [childish]; puberty [young adulthood]; nativity; native; natural; nature.) "Alleluia" is the Greek form of Hallelujah.

Puer Natus in Bethlehem alleluia Unde Gaudet Jerusalem, Alleluia, alleluia

A child is born in Bethlehem, alleluia So leap with joy Jerusalem alleluia, alleluia


CHORUS: In cordis jubilo, Christum natum adoremus, Cum novo cantico

CHORUS: A new song let us sing For Christ is born, let us adore and let our gladness ring.

Assumpsit carnem filius, Alleluia Dei Patris altissimus, Alleluia, Alleluia

The shepherds hear the angel's word, alleluia This child is truly Christ the Lord, alleluia, alleluia


De Matre Natus Virgine, alleluia Qui lumen est day lumine, allelluia, alleluia

>From virgin's womb this child is born, alleluia The light from light who brings the dawn, alleluia, alleluia.

2 Kings
Songs Week of 18 December 2007

ELIJAH ROCK
Elijah is an important prophet for both Jews and Christians. Since he was taken to heaven in a whirlwind and chariot of fire, he is expected back by both Jews and Christians. Jews leave a cup for him at their Passover meal in case he returns that night, while John the Baptist and Jesus are linked to Elijah in the New Testament. Differences are blended in Gospel music, so that Moses, Elijah, and Jesus are all one. In this way, Gospel music continues the style of the New Testament, which simply fulfills the old, as Jesus fulfilled Moses:
Elijah Rock, shout, shout, Elijah Rock coming of the Lord. (2) Elijah Rock. If I could I surely would stand on the rock where Moses stood. (2)
A STILL SMALL VOICE
Hunted by Jezebel, Elijah flees to Mt. Horeb (Sinai), where, like Moses he travels 40 days in search of God. Told to stand on the mountain, the Lord speaks in "a still small voice." The idea was to separate God's voice from the voices of other gods, who usually spoke in thunder and lightning (as Israel's God had in the time of the exodus). Today this still small voice is usually called our "conscience." It is a more rationalized (less personifed) way of thinking of God.
And he came unto a cave and lodged there and behold the Lord passed by and a great and strong wind rent the mountain and brake in pieces the rock before the Lord but the Lord was not in the wind. And after the wind an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake. And after the earthquake a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. And after the fire, a still small voice.

A STILL SMALL VOICE
A still small voice will speak to you one day. The still small voice will call to you and say, "I am the earth, the sky, the brightest star on high, the tallest tree, the smallest drop of dew. A still small voice one day will say to you. The still small voice from every voice apart will whisper in the language of your heart. I am the night, the day, the blessing and the way, a dream that keeps a lonely heart aglow. Once you have heard the word a still small voice will say, your heart will answer yes I know. Once you have heard the word a still small voice will say, your heart will answer yes I know.

SHACKLES (PRAISE YOU)
Today worship is very quiet, except in the Black churches, which are more faithful to early worship forms, familiar in the psalmist's cry to "Make a joyful noise unto the Lord," and King David dancing before the Ark of the Lord. Only Black churches continue this tradition today (Elvis Presley claimed he learned his style from looking into Black churches as a child). Mary, Mary is a Gospel duo trying to modernize the genre of Gospel music to keep it up to date with hip hop beats.
To hear the song, click on the slide show below.


Whoo! It sure is hot out here Ya know? I don't mind though Just glad to be free Know what I'm saying, uh!
Take the shackles off my feet so I can dance I just wanna praise you (What'cha wanna do?) I just wanna praise you
(Yeah, yeah) You broke the chains now I can lift my hands (Uh feel me?) And I'm gonna praise you (What'cha gon do?) I'm gonna praise you In the corners of mind I just can't seem to find a reason to believe That I can break free Cause you see I have been down for so long Feel like the hope is gone But as I lift my hands, I understand That I should praise you through my circumstance Take the shackles off my feet so I can dance
I just wanna praise you I just wanna praise you You broke the chains now I can lift my hands And I'm gonna praise you I'm gonna praise you Everything that could go wrong All went wrong at one time So much pressure fell on me I thought I was gon lose my mind But I know you wanna see If I will hold on through these trials But I need you to lift this load Cause I can't take it anymore Take the shackles off my feet so I can dance I just wanna praise you I just wanna praise you You broke the chains now I can lift my hands And I'm gonna praise you I'm gonna praise you Been through the fire and the rain Bound in every kind of way But God has broken every chain So let me go right now Take the shackles off my feet so I can dance I just wanna praise you I just wanna praise you You broke the chains now I can lift my hands And I'm gonna praise you I'm gonna praise you [repeat x3] Take them off What'cha gonna do, yeah Take the shackles off my feet so I can dance I just wanna praise you I just wanna praise you You broke the chains now I can lift my hands And I'm gonna praise you I'm gonna praise you.


HEAL THEIR LAND
This is a paraphrase of King Solomon's prayer of dedication of the Temple in 1 Kings 8.
If my people who are called by My Name would humble themselves and pray, and purposely seek my name. Oh if my people who are called by My Name, oh, if they would humble themselves and pray and turn from their wicked ways. I will hear from Heaven, I will hear from Heaven, yes, I will hear from Heaven, I'll hear and I will heal their land. This is what the Lord said, If God's people who are called by His Name oh if they would humble themselves and pray, and purposely seek His Name. If my people who are called by His Name if they would humble themselves and pray, and turn from their wicked ways. He will hear from Heaven, I said He will hear from Heaven, I believe He will hear from Heaven, He'll hear and He will heal their land. He will hear from Heaven, I said He will hear from Heaven, I believe He will hear from Heaven, He'll hear and He will heal their land.

RUN TO THE MOUNTAIN
This Gospel song is based on Elijah's escape to Mt. Horeb (Sinai).
You'd better run on, run to the mountain (3) run on to God (2). He's so high you can't go over him, he's so low you can't go under him, he's so high you can't go around him. You'd better run on to God, you'd better run to the Lord (3). Run to the sea the sea will be falling, run to the tree, the tree will be falling, turn to the rock to hide your face, the rock is your hiding place. You'd better run, run on to God, you'd better run, you know who you are, you've been wasting too much time, get in a hurry you'd better make haste, the Lord is calling you, you know who you are. Everybody, you'd better run on, oh you'd better run on. Oh run on! You'd better run on. You know you need the Lord right now.

ONLY ONE
This is typical of the Deuteronomist message in Samuel and Kings, with its emphasis on one God. Hence Elijah's battle with the god of Ba'al; and God's bringing a three-year drought on Israel, and the rain that comes only from God: to make clear that everything, including birth and rain, comes from God and not another deity.
Only one can make the valley deep, the mountain high, the oak tree strong. Only one can bless us while we sleep and give us faith to keep, to keep our whole life long. Only one can hear each prayer we say and pray that we might learn his way, so has it always been, so shall it always be as long as we believe in only one. Only one can make the valley deep, the mountain high, the oak tree strong. Only one can bless us while we sleep and give us faith to keep, to keep our whole life long. Rich or poor no matter who we are, we all are one to only one, so has it always been, so shall it always be for all eternity, only one!
IT IS WELL (Elisha's Song)
Bluegrass Gospel, on Elisha's miracles (2 Kings 4:14ff.):
There lived a man and a woman in a town called Shunem, they made a home for Elisha and found favor in his eyes. So God sent them a miracle. The only thing they longed for: in a year they would hold a son, as Elisha prophesied. One day they ran from the field, brought the child to his mother, she held his head there on her knee until he died at noon that day. She didn't tell anyone, she went straight to the man of God. And if anyone asked her, she replied while on her way, "It is well, it is well. There is peace in my despair, knowing God will hear my prayer and I will cling to the promise that he brings. Even death can have no sting, no power in Hell. In His presence I will dwell, where it is well."
Elisha stood by the bedside, where she laid the boy when he died. He prayed a prayer upon him and he breathed new life again. Friend, God doesn't ever change and if you'll have that woman's faith He'll send you a miracle, and until then you can say,"It is well, it is well. There is peace in my despair, knowing God will hear my prayer and I will cling to the promise that he brings. Even death can have no sting, no power in Hell. In His presence I will dwell, in His presence I will dwell. . . ."

"Simple Gifts" and Appalachian Spring

"Simple Gifts" is the most famous song from the Shaker community. It is not properly speaking a hymn as it's often called, but it obviously serves as a hymn and probably refers to David dancing before the Ark of the Lord.
Dancing is a sign, for the Shakers, of true humility, since (to use modern jargon) it shows a loss of Ego. Proud people are "stiff" (a bad word for the Shakers).
American composer, Aaron Copland, adapted the tune for a set of variations in his ballet, Appalachian Spring (1944) and again later for his "Old American Songs" (1950).
It is largely due to Copland that the song has become so famous. Copland's variations are beautifully orchestrated (arranged for instruments), leading from wind instruments to strings and from rapid meter to slow meter towards a climax in the final variation.
There are several versions of Aaron Copland's ballet (or ballet suite) on youtube. One version begins on the "Simple Gifts" variations. Another version seems to be the complete concert suite, in segments. Yet another version is here, also a complete performance of the suite in segments.
To view pictures while the music is playing, go here. Or here, for exceptionally beautiful black-and-white images (see left). This also begins on the Shaker song.
For a vocal version, by Marilyn Horne, go here.

1 KINGS: Songs

SAMUEL THE PRIEST
This setting of a verse announcing the death of Samuel is by the American Colonial composer, William Billings:
Samuel the priest gave up the ghost and all Israel mourned, mourned, mourned, and all Israel mourned, mourned, mourned, and all Israel mourned.
DAVID'S LAMENT FOR JONATHAN
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle. O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thy high places. I am distressed for thee, my brother. Jonathan, very pleasant hast thou been unto me. Thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. How are the mighty fallen and the weapons of war perished.
DAVID'S LAMENTATION
This famous lament by King David after the death of his rebellious son, Absalom, is noteworthy for its simplicity. Contrast this "speech" with the previous lament, which was obviously formal and public. This sounds like it was "overheard" by the court historian, since David's lament is barely coherent, as one would speak in true grief, not a public statement of grief:
And the king said unto Cushi, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Cushi answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise against thee to do thee hurt, be as that young man is. And the king was much moved, and went up to the chamber over the gate, and wept: and as he went, thus he said, O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! would God I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, my son!
KING DAVID'S LAMENT FOR ABSALOM
By the American Colonial composer, William Billings. This song became part of the Sacred Harp songbook. Sacred Harp songs used rough counterpoint. The "sacred harp" is the human voice (God's harp). Some Sacred Harp music was used in the film, Cold Mountain:
David the king was grieved and moved. He went to his chamber, his chamber, and wept. And as he went he wept, and said, "O my son! O my son! Would to God I had died, would to God I had died, would to God I had died for thee, O Absalom my son, my son! And as he went he wept, and said, "O my son! O my son! Would to God I had died, would to God I had died, would to God I had died for thee, O Absalom my son, my son!
NATHAN AND DAVID
And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor. The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds: But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; and it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him. And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die: And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity. And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul; And I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things. Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon. Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house.
PSALM 51
Psalm 51 is the famous "miserere" psalm (two other psalms begin with this word, meaning "Have mercy (Lord)," but this is the psalm everyone means. It became the basis of the first part of the Mass, the Kyrie. Supposedly King David sang this after Nathan accused him of adultery and murder. Part of the Sacred Harp collection, this psalm was most famously set to music in Allegri's Miserere, which the Vatican valued so highly it forbade anyone entering the church with a writing instrument, to prevent a copy being made. One composer, however, heard it in church only once and memorized the melody, then wrote it down at home. On a second visit, he corrected minor errors. Thanks to Mozart, the whole Christian world heard this setting.
Show pity, Lord. O Lord forgive. Let a repenting rebel live; are not thy mercies large and free? May not a sinner trust in Thee? Yet save a trembling sinner, Lord, whose hope still hovering round, Thy word would light on some sweet promise there. Some sure support against despair.
DAVID DANCED BEFORE THE LORD WITH ALL HIS MIGHT
This is part of a jazz setting of the Mass by Duke Ellington:
David up and danced, David danced before the Lord, he danced before the Lord with all his might. David up and danced, David danced before the Lord, he danced before the Lord with all his might. Sultry timbrels, harps and cymbals ring out loud and clear shouting, singing, trumpets bringing love to every ear. David up and danced well David danced, he danced before the Lord, he danced before the Lord with all his might.


COME LIFE, SHAKER LIFE
The Shaker community in America is famous for its simple lifestyle. But this includes dancing. In fact, the Shakers (like the Quakers) got their name from the movements they made in worship. They were not ashamed, but proud to "be a David" and "show Michal" how to worship God:
Come life, Shaker life. Come life eternal. Shake, shake out of me all that is carnal. (2) I'll take nimble steps. I'll be a David: I'll show Michal twice how he behaved.
SIMPLE GIFTS
This lyric celebrates dance as a form of worship, as it was for King David. The Shaker song has become world famous, partly due to Aaron Copland's famous setting of it in his ballet, Appalachian Spring, one of the most popular concert compositions in American music:
'Tis the gift to be simple, 'tis the gift to be free, 'tis the gift to come down where we ought to be; and when we find ourselves in the place just right 'twill be in the valley of love nd delight. When true simplicity is gained, to bow and to bend we shant be ashamed to turn, turn will be our delight 'til by turning, turning we come round right.
THE LAST WORDS OF DAVID (2 Samuel 23:4)
This is a 1949 setting by American composer, Randall Thompson, of King David's last words (though he speaks more "last words" in 1 Kings 2).
He that ruleth over man must be just, (must be just, must be just) ruling in the fear of God (ruling in the fear of God, the fear of God), and he shall be as the light of the morning when the sun riseth; even a morning without clouds, as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining, after rain (after rain, after rain). Alleluia.
DAVID'S LAST WORDS (1 Kings 2)
These words pose a problem. We already heard David's last words, but now he speaks again, in 1 Kings. Moreover, the feelings expressed here contradict what we know of David in the two books of Samuel, where he appears as a compassionate and forgiving man. It's probable David never spoke these words, but they were attributed to him to justify his son, Solomon's bloodbath to keep power. Supposedly these verses inspired the final scene in THE GODFATHER, where Michael Corleone, on his father's hint, has his enemies killed during the baptism of his grandchild.
Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet. Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace. And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword. Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.
ZAKOK THE PRIEST
This choral piece (1 Kings), by Handel, has been played for centuries during the coronation ceremonies of British monarchs:
Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anointed Solomon king. And all the people rejoiced, rejoiced, rejoiced, and all the people rejoiced, rejoiced, redjoiced, rejoiced, rejoiced, rejoiced, and all the people rejoiced, rejoiced, rejoiced and said, God save the king, Long live the king, God save the king. May the king live forever. Amen, Amen, etc. Alleluia.
SOLOMON'S ARIA (from Handel's SOLOMON)
One of many moving arias in Handel's oratorios:
What though I trace each herb and flower that drink the morning dew, did I not own Jehovah's power, how vain were all I knew.
SOLOMON'S JUDGMENT
Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him. And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house. And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it. And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom. And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear.And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king. Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living. And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king. And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other.Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, for her bowels yearned upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it. Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof. And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment.
CHING-A-RING-CHAW
Aaron Copland published two sets of Five Old American Songs, which included "Shall We Gather at the River" and the Shaker song, "Simple Gifts" (also used in his ballet, "Appalachian Spring"). This song refers to the Promised Land as an ideal place supposedly after death. Despite the reference to "milk and honey," the song relies more on images from the Christian book of Revelation. Hopefully, the music in Heaven is as much fun as this:
Ching-a-ring-a-ring ching ching, ho-a-ding-a-ding kum larkee. Brothers gather round, listen to this story, 'bout the Promised Land, and the promised glory. You don't need to fear, if you have no money. You don't need none there, to buy you milk and honey. There you'll ride in style, coach with four white horses. There the evening meal has one, two, three, four courses. Ching-a-ring-a-ring ching ching, ho-a-ding-a-ding kum larkee. Nights we all will dance to the harp and fiddle, waltz and jig and prance, "Cast off down the middle." When the morning comes, all in grand and splendor, stand out in the sun and hear the holy thunder. Brothers hear me out, the Promised Land's a-coming, dance and sing and shout, I hear them harps a-strumming. Ching-a-ring-a-ring ching ching, ho-a-ding-a-ding kum larkee.
Songs Week of 4 December 2007

ELI YOU CAN'T STAND
The liner notes suggest "Eli" was a newly baptized convert. But the song may also refer to the priest Eli, whom Samuel replaced because of Eli's two corrupt sons:
Take one brick out of Satan's wall. (Refrain: Eli, you can't stand.) Satan's wall come tumbling down. (Repeat) Hush little baby don't you cry. You know your mother's born to die.
Take one brick out of Satan's wall. (Refrain: Eli, you can't stand.) Satan's wall come tumbling down. One of these days I'm going away, won't be back till judgment Day.
Hush little baby don't you cry, you know your' mother's born to die. My Lord come by the rainbow sign: no more water, but fire next time. One of thse days I'm going away, I won't be back till Judgment Day. Heard a mighty rumbling under the ground, must be the Devil turning 'round.
Hush, little baby, don't you cry. Know your mother's born to die. Take one brick out of Satan's wall. Satan wall is bound to fall. Take one brick of out of Satan's wall. See old Satan move along. You can't stand the hell-bound fire, you can't stand the wrath of God.
DAVID WAS A SHEPHERD BOY
David becomes a type of Jesus, linked with Jesus in the song. Both suffered in the wilderness, were persecuted and achieved righteousness, though David of course was far more human in his passions. David's psalms (assuming he wrote them all) cover the whole range of human emotions, perhaps unequalled in any literature.
David was a shepherd boy, for his father's sheep he did care. He used to play upon his harp all nights in the year. Oh, my God, he did fear, oh, he slayed a lion and a bear. For David was a righteous man. And it was: sorrow, sorrow that filled the heart of David. For David was a righteous man. Dark and stormy in the desert where the pilgrims make their way, just beyond the vale of sorrow lies a field of endless day. Further on, you feel no sorrows, count the milestones one by one, Jesus will forsake yu never. It is better further on. At the grave we'll sing the same song, how my body lies buried there, sing it so my soul can hear it. It is better further on.
LITTLE DAVID
One of the most famous Afro-American spirituals on the subject of David. "Hallelu" is short of "hallelujah," which means "Praise the Lord" (hallel=praise; jah=Jehovah; Reggae lyrics refer to Jehovah as "Jah"). Job is the main character of one of the greatest books in the Bible.
Little David, play on your harp. hallelu, hallelu. Little David, play on your harp. Hallelu! Little David was a shepherd boy. He killed Goliath and he shout for joy. I've told you once, I've told you twice, the sinner's in hell for shooting dice. Listen here, I told you once and I'll tell you again. You can't get to heaven in your sin. If you don't believe where I've been, follow me on down by the Jordan stream. We've got mothers gone and fathers, too, Job declared our days were few. Little David, play on your harp. Hallelu, hallelu. Little David, play on your harp. Hallelu!
SHEEP SHEEP DON'T YOU KNOW THE ROAD
This is a classic Deuteronomic message: to stay on the right road; that is, to follow God's covenant laws. Jesus will later develop this same idea ("Narrow is the way"). The singer goes through all the ways one can be reminded of the road.
Sheep, sheep, don't you know the road. Yes, my Lord, I know the road. (2). Don't you know the road by the playing of the song? Yes, my Lord, I know the road. Don't you know the raod by the singing of the song? Yes, my Lord, I know the road. Don't you know the road by the praying of the prayer? Yes, my Lord, I know the road. Don't you know the road by the marching on home? Don't you know the road by the clapping of your hands? Now, young sheep, don't you know the road? Yes, my Lord, I know the road. Old sheep, don't you know the road? Yes, my Lord, I know the road. Don't you know the road by the praying of the prayers?
DODRIDGE
This is another typical Deuteronomic message, found throughout the Deuteronomistic History: the Israelites boast about the laws (statutes) but don't really follow them. Jesus repeats the Deuteronomic message in his own time. And it bears repeating in all times. Southern Gospel songs are titled by their source melody ("Dodridge") and have no relationship to the meaning of the song, with new lyrics. This song is part of the Sacred Harp tradition; a kind of ragged fugue, with voices in uneven imitation.
Why, sinners, me profaning, why, says God, my statutes name; Why my Covenant grace disdaining [scorning, ignoring], still my Covenant grace proclaim! Hating counsel [teaching], hating counsel, all my laws exposed to shame. Long in grace proclaim! Long in silence I have waited, long thy guilt in secret grown. Still, thy heart, with pride elated, thought my counsels like thy own. I'll repove thee, I'll repove thee. Till thy crimes exact are known, sinners, hear Jeohovah, speaking! Ye who, thoughtless, God despise! Hear, lest in his Wrath awaking vengeance rend you as it flies. None can save you, none can save you, none, none can save you if His arm to judgment rise. None, none can save you, if His arm to judgment rise.
from NABAL (Handel)
So popular were Handel's oratorios in England that after his death new ones, based on tunes from Handel's other works (operas, etc.) were performed. This oratorio includes an aria from one of Handel's Italian operas, set to new words expressing David's anger towards Nabal, before Nabal's wife, Abigail, calms him down:
Fury in all thy terrors rises from dark abyss, let every tender passion be no more; let every tender passion own thy power. Shall I be thus requited and my protection slighted? With vengeful ardour go and strike the blow.
O HAD I THE WINGS OF A DOVE
The biblical David is one of the most famous characters in Western culture and is referred to commonly in the fine arts. Disney composer, Alan Menken found musical inspiration in David's story. French composer Arthur Honegger wrote an oratorio the subject, translated here into English. The texts are mostly from the psalms, which David supposedly composed himself (hence the biblical reference to him as the "sweet psalmist of Israel"). This psalm (#55) was also famously set to music by the German composer Felix Mendelssohn. In reading the psalms, it's well to remember they were written from real-life situations involving social isolation, persecution, loneliness, guilt (Bathsheba), etc. which is why they appeal to all peoples:

And David bade farewell to Jonathan, the son of Saul, whose soul was knit with the soul of David, for Jonathan loved him as his brother. And he came to Samuel, and told him all that Saul had done. And he and Samuel went and dwelt at Naioth, with the prophets in the wilderness; and the flower of his youth withered in the swelter of the desert:
O had I wings like a dove, Then would I fly away and be at rest. Save in the tomb alone is there no comfort? Is there no balm to heal this woe of mine? Where shall I find for my head some safe shelter? Morning and eve I pray and cry aloud. The storm of my distress blows like the tempest, bearing to God my cries and my prayer.
WITNESS FOR MY LORD
As usual in Christian hymns, Old and New Testament characters are linked. The song includes references to Moses, Samson, Jesus, and David.
Soul is a witness for my Lord (3). Who'll be a witness for my Lord? God called Moses on the mountain top, He stamped the Law in Moses' heart. He put his commandment in his mind and said, "Don't leave them children behind." CHORUS. Read about Samson from his birth, strong a man that lived on earth. Read his actions in his mind, killed three thousand before his time. Samson begin to wander about, Samson's little wife sat on his knees. "Tell me your strength now, if you please." Samson's wife talked so bright and fair, Samson told her to cut off his hair. "Shave my head just as clean as my hand, strength then go like a natural man." CHORUS Took my Savior up on the Cavalry cross, they hung him high and they stretched him wide. See disciples hanging around, see how free my Jesus died. CHORUS: Paul was a witness, etc. Old man Jesse and his sons, David was the youngest one. Called on my Lord, old David's band, playing on his harp now in his hand. David was a witness, etc.

RUTH and 1 SAMUEL
Songs Week of 27 November 2007

In addition to the songs below, we'll probably listen to a recordng of verses from the book of Ruth, which will exactly follow the edited handout I sent. So please be sure to bring that with you.

WEDDING SONG
This wedding song, by the German composer Heinrich Schutz, is based on the most famous verses from the book of Ruth (1:16-17):
Whither thou goest there also will I go, And where thou lodgest there also will I lodge, Thy land be my land and thy God be my God. O bid me not, O bid me not to leave thee.
O bid me not, O bid me not to leave thee. What may befall us our God alone knoweth, But sharing all that his mercy bestoweth Shall be my joy, my delight never ending, Not till life's day is done shall we be parted. Not till life's day is done shall we be parted.


These verses were later set to a more modern melody, composed by Guy Singer in 1954, becoming a pop hit. The song has been recorded by, among others, Les Paul & Mary Ford, Leonard Cohen and the pop singer, Perry Como:

Whither thou goest I will go, wherever thou lodgest I will lodge. Thy people shall be my people, my love. Whither thou goest, I will go. For as in that story long ago, that same sweet love story as it's told, thy people shall be my people, my love, whither thou goest, I will go. Aa in that story long ago, whither thou goes I will go, thy people shall be my people, my love, whither thou goest , wherever thou lodgest, whither thou goest I will go.
1 Samuel
These are some brief arias and choruses from Handel's oratorio, Saul.

Chorus (Saul and David are cheered): Welcome, welcome, mighy King! Welcome all who conquest bring! Welcome David, warlike boy, author of our present joy! Saul, who hast thy thousands slins, welcome to thy friends again! David his Ten Thousands slew, ten thousand praises are his due!

Saul (jealous of David): With rage I shall burst his praises to hear! Oh! how I both hate the stripling, and fear! What mortal a rival in glory can bear?

David (prayer): O Lord, whose mercies numberless o'er all thy works prevail, though daily Man thy law transgress, thy patience cannot fail. (Plays harp.)

Saul (now calm): As great Jehovah lives, I swear, the youth shall not be slain. Bid him return and void of fear adorn our court again.

Saul (invokes spirit of dead Samuel): Infernal spirits, by whose power departed ghosts in living form appear, add horror to the midnight hour and chill the boldest hearts with fear. To this stranger's wondering eyes let the prophet Samuel rise!


Dead March for Saul.

Chorus: (Elegy for Saul and Jonathan): Eagles were not so swift as they, nor lions with so strong a grasp held fast and tore the prey.

LITTLE DAVID
Afro-American Spiritual
Little David, play on your harp, hallelujah. Little David was a shepherd boy, he killed Goliath and he shouted for joy. (Refrain) Now Joshua was the son of Nun, he never would quit until his job was done. (Refrain) Now that sinner man, he gambled and fell, he wanted to go to Heaven but he had to go ____________. (Refrain)

BIBLE SONGS: GENESIS
WEEK OF 9 October 2007

NOAH
The Bible has been a source of humor as well as wisdom and comfort. This song was recorded for the movie, Casablanca, but dropped from the final cut.

Old Noah, what did he do? He built the floating zoo of camels and mammals and all kind of animals. That's what Noah done. He rescued two of a kind and had his boat designed for muskrats and polecats and bulldogs and alleycats. That's what Noah done.
NOAH
Black Gospel continues to influence all forms of popular music. From Mahalia Jackson to today's superstars like Yolanda Adams, Kirk Franklin, or the sister act, Mary Mary, the music has a devoted following. The Trumpeteers were an earlier group who influenced some of Elvis Presley's Gospel records, at least one of which is modeled very closely on a Trumpeteers record.

He called in the animals two by two, there was the ox, the camel, and the kangaroo. [He] called in Japheth, Shem, and Ham, God began to flood the land. He raised his hands to Heaven on high, knocked that sun and the moon from the sky. Shook the mountains and stirred the sea, he hitched his wings to a chariot wheel, stepped on the land then stood on the shore, declared his time could be no more. Because oh, oh, Brother Noah, God's gonna ride on the rain and tide.
ON THE WINGS OF A DOVE
This song was a pop hit in the 1950s. The dove is a symbol in both Old and New Testaments. As students of the Bible should know, the Christian idea of God is "trinitarian" (involving three persons who are somehow one: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit). Thus in the Christian idea, the Dove is the Holy Spirit. Actually, this "trinitarian" (=3) idea of God may be found (if one chooses) early in Genesis. For example, "the Spirit of God hovered over the waters" (1:2) suggests God is Spirit. Later, God says, "Let us make man in our image," which suggests a second person (the Son), totaling 3 Persons in One.
When Noah had drifted on the flood many days, he searched for land in various ways. Troubles, he had some, but wasn't forgotten. He sent him his love on the wings of a dove.
WEDLOCK
In this charming ballad, a text from Genesis is used to argue that woman should neither control man nor be abused by man. This is part of the lyric:
When Adam was created, he dwelt in Eden's shade (as Moses has related) before a bride was made. Ten thousand times ten thousand things wheeled all around, before a bride was formed, or yet a mate was found. He had no consolation but seemed as one alone. Till, to his admiration he found he'd lost a bone. Great was his exultation to see her by his side. Great was his elevation to have a loving bride.
This woman was not taken from Adam's head, we know: and she must not rule o'er him. It's evidently so. This woman she was taken from near to Adam's heart, by which we are directed that they should never part.
DIDN'T IT RAIN?
This song, recorded by the great Marion Williams, refers to the Flood story in Genesis:
Didn't it rain, children? It rained all night long! O my Lord didn't it rain? Tell me didn't it rain, children? It rained all night long! You know it did! I said it did now! Oh Lord didn't it rain? Well it rained 40 days and it rained 40 nights. There wasn't no land nowhere in sight. God sent a raven to spread the news. Bird spread his wings and away he flew. To the east, to the west, to the north, to the south. All day all night! Oh. Listen to the rain! In the north, in the south, in the east, it rained in the west!
GOD PUT A RAINBOW IN THE CLOUDS
This Black Gospel song refers to the Noachide Covenant, the first of 4 covenants in the Old Testament, between God and his people. The rainbow is a sign of that covenant. This is what is called an "etiological story," or a story that explains an event or fact in story form (rainbows appear after a rainstorm).
When God shut Noah in the grand old ark, God put a rainbow in the cloud! When the thunders rolled and the clouds were dark, God put a rainbow in the cloud! Well, I say, God he put a rainbow in the cloud
Well, God he put the rainbow in the cloud! Well, when it looked like the sun wasn't going to shine anymore Well, I say, God he put the rainbow in the cloud!

EXODUS
Songs Week of 17 October 2007

NOAH
A strongly syncopated version of a famous song written by a member of the Golden Gate Quartet:
Well after God told him what to do, Brother Noah then began to cut and hew. The ring of the hammer was judgment. That saw was crying, "Yes, sinner repent!" One hundred years he hammered and sawed, building the ark by the grace of God. Well after the foundation was laid he hewed the timber and the ark was made. He called in the animals two by two, the ox and the camel and the kangaroo. He called Japheth, Ham, and Shem, said, "God begin to flood the land." He raised his hand to heaven on high. He shook the sun and moon from the sky. He shook the mountain and troubled the seas. He hitched the wind to the chariot wheel. He stepped on land and stood on shore, declared that this time would be no more." He cried,"Noah, Noah, God's going to ride on the rain and tide."

SO SAITH HE THE LORD
Hey there Gabriel get your horn and ready it for blowing. So saith He the Lord and you'd better behave. Hey there Noah build your ark and ready it for the raining (3) so saith He the Lord and you'd better behave. Moses teach my Word and preach my Ten Commandments, so saith He the Lord.
MOSES
A song that goes back to slavery, using Bible images to speak of freedom. Moses=those in charge of helping black slaves escape to northern freedom. The song warns the slave, in Bible code, to be careful and not to end up dead "in some lonesome graveyard." "Angels" could refer to "saints"
(in the sense of believers) who were caught before escaping. The song is a reminder of the suffering of slavery but also of the use of the Bible to "empower" countless generations to free themselves from social injustice, a use that continues to this day in many countries, such as Jamaica and the Rastafarian movement known through Reggae music.
Moses, Moses, don't you let King Pharaoh overtake you (3) in some lonesome graveyard. I hear the chariot coming (3) in some lonesome graveyard. Moses, Moses, I hear the horses running (3), in some lonesome graveyard. I hear Jordan rolling (3) in some lonesome graveyard. Mother, Mother, don't let your daughter condemn you in some loneseome graveyard. I hear the angels moaning in some lonesome graveyard. Jordan, Jordan, let those children over, in some lonesme graveyard.
MOSES DON'T GET LOST
Another song that goes back to slavery: a plea for leaders of the Freedom movement not to get lost.

O Moses, Moses, don't get lost in that Red Sea. Smite your rod and come across in that Red Sea. Sto and let's talk about your host got lost, glot lost, got lost talking 'bout your host got lost in that Red Sea. Yeah, and old Paraoh and the host got lost, got lost, lost. Talk about your host got lost in that Red Sea.
I'M A SOLDIER IN THE ARMY OF THE LORD
Once again the Bible is used to free slaves both psychologically and physically from the injustice of slavery:
I'm a clean man (in the army) 'cause I don't mind dying (in the army of the Lord), I'm a soldier (in the army of the Lord), I'm a soldier, yes I'm fighting for my rights (in the army of the Lord). Yes, I'm fighting for my rights (in the army).
GO DOWN, MOSES
One of the most af the most famous spirituals, used by Black slaves as Bible code, to encourage escape to freedom in the Northern States of America.

When Israel was in Egypt's land (let my people go). oppressed so hard they could not stand (let my people go). Go down, Moses, way down in Egypt's land. Tell old Pharaoh, to let my people go.
Thus spake the Lord, old Moses said, "Let my people go. If not I'll smite your first-born dead" (Let my people go). Go down Moses, way down in Egypt's land. Tell old Pharaoh to let my people go.
No more shall they in bondage toil (let my people go), let them come out in Egypt's spoil (let my people go). Go down, Moses, way down in Egypt's land. Tell old Pharaoh to let my people go.


EXODUS
This Reggae (Jamaican) song is an example of how the Bible, especially the book of Exodus, has continued to be used for what has been called Liberation Theology, or a belief in God as a power to insure social revolution. "Jah" here is Jehovah, as in HalleluJAH, which means "praise the Lord." "Jah" in this form appears once in the King James bible. "Babylon" refers to the kingdom that defeated Israel in 586 and forever after became a symbol of evil in both Jewish and Christian writings (Rome later became the "Whore of Babylon").
Exodus, movement of Jah people, Oh yeah. And one more time, so let me tell you this. Men and people will fight you down, tell me why? (When you see Jah light) Ha-ha-ha-ha. Let me tell you, if you're not wrong, then why? (everything is alright), Soon we gonna walk, alright, uh. Through the roads of creation, We're the generation, tell me why? (Trod through great tribulation) Trod through great tribulations. Exodus, all right, movement of Jah people, Oh yeah, oh yeah, all right. Exodus, movement of Jah people, Oh yeah,Yeah, yeah, yeah, well, open your eyes (And look within) Are you satisfied (With the life you're livin'?) Huh. We know where we're goin', uh. We know where we're from. We're leavin' Babylon , We're goin' to our Fatherland, two, three, four. Exodus, movement of Jah people, Oh yeah. (Movement of Jah people) Send us another Brother Moses. Gonna cross the Red Sea Send us another Brother Moses. Gonna cross the Red Sea. Exodus, alright. Ooh, ooh, Movement of Jah people.
HONOUR YOUR MOTHER AND YOUR FATHER
Another Reggae tune that became a hit. It shows that the Bible still sells today. It's based on the Ten Commandments in Exodus and on verses in Deuteronomy.
Honour your mother and your father that your days may be long on the land. Children obey your parents in the Lord: This is the law and the prophets. Honour your mother and your father that your days may be long on the land. Children obey your parents in the Lord. This is the law and the prophets. Love your parents as though you love yourself. Do unto others as they would do to you. Honour your mother and your father that your days may be long on the land. Children obey your parents in the Lord. This is the law and the prophets. {Break} Love your parents as how you love yourself
Do onto others as they would do to you. Honour your mother and your father that your days may be long on the land. Children obey your parents in the Lord: This is the law and the prophets.

BROTHER MOSES
Notice that the water in this Gospel song is used typologically, as a type of Baptism, the way it's used in the Christian scripture, (the Letter to the Hebrews, chapter 11). Exodus, a Jewish text, is used to preach a Christian message. In a typological reading of the Crossing of the Red Sea, the crossing becomes a baptism and the "exodus" (exit) is from a state of sin to a state of grace ("redeemed"). Freedom is spiritual instead of physical.
Well Brother Moses smote the water and the children all passed over, Brother Moses smote the water and the seas give away. (2) Well now sister ain't you glad ???, when the seas give away. Brother Moses smote the water and the children all passed over, Brother Moses smote the water and the sea give away. (2) Well my brother ain't you glad ???, that the seas give away. Brother Moses smote the water and the children all passed over, Brother Moses smote the water and the sea give away. (2) Well now God called Moses on that mountaintop, he placed those stones right there in Moses' arm, he stamped the Commandments in Moses' mind. He said, "Moses you better not leave my lambs behind." If you don't believe that I've been redeemed you follow me down by the Jordan stream. The Jordan River, it's chilly and cold, it chilled my little body but it didn't chill my soul. Well one of these old mornings, it won't be long, you'll look for me and my poor soul will be gone. Well, well, well. Brother Moses smote the water and the children all passed over, Brother Moses smote the water and children all passed over, Brother Moses smote the water and the seas give away.
DEEP RIVER
Go Down, Moses; Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child; and this song are probably the three most famous Black spirituals. Once again we see how a Old Testament images have been used for a Christian message. Here the river is the river of death and sin, into the "Promised Land," but seemingly not a real place but the Heavenly feast preached in the Christian Gospel. Sam Cooke's phrasing on this song turns it from Gospel into Soul music and is an example of how Soul music is simply a secular (worldly) form of Gospel music.
I want to cross over into camp ground. Deep river, my home is over Jordan. Deep river, Lord, I want to cross over into camp ground. Oh don't you want to go to that Gospel feast, that Promised Land where all is peace. Oh, deep river, Lord. I want to cross over into camp ground. I want to cross over into camp ground, into camp ground.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS

2: I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
3: Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
4: Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:
5: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;
6: And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
7: Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
8: Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
9: Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:
10: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
11: For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
12: Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
13: Thou shalt not kill.
14: Thou shalt not commit adultery.
15: Thou shalt not steal.
16: Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
17: Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

SHABES (SABBATH)
A Jewish song honoring the meaning of the Sabbath. The Yiddish words for Sabbath and Peace (Sholem) should be clear.
Sabbath! Fellow Jews, let there be Sabbath! Let there be Sabbath throughout the world! A feast day! Fellow Jews, let there be a feast day! Let there be a feast day throughout the world! Peace! [Sholem/Shalom] Fellow Jews let there be peace! Let peace reign throughout the world!

DEUTERONOMY: Songs
Week of 6 November 2007

FOREVER YOUNG
This Bob Dylan song, from the Planet Waves album is based on the Priestly Blessing of Numbers, with images from other Bible texts (Jacob's ladder, Leviticus 19:18, etc.).

May God bless and keep you always, May your wishes all come true, May you always do for others And let others do for you. May you build a ladder to the stars And climb on every rung, May you stay forever young, Forever young, forever young, May you stay forever young. May you grow up to be righteous, May you grow up to be true, May you always know the truth And see the light surrounding you. May you always be courageous, Stand upright and be strong, And may you stay forever young, Forever young, forever young, May you stay forever young.

MAY THE GOOD LORD BLESS AND KEEP YOU
This pop standard is also based on the Priestly Blessing. Of course, etymologically (that is, by word history) the farewell greeting, "goodbye," is also based on this blessing, meaning originally, "God be with ye," which over time was contracted to the familiar form. (The blessing is also familair in Spanish as "vaya con dios," or "God go with you," which also became a popular song.)
May the good Lord bless and keep you whether near or far away, may you find that long awaited golden day today. May your troubles all be small ones and your fortunes ten times ten, may the good Lord bless and keep you till we meet again.
CHOOSE YE THIS DAY
This song, by Gospel singer, Shirley Caesar, suggests Moses' great sermon in chapter 30 of Deuteronomy, demanding that the people agree to God's covenant and choose life over death. As usual in Gospel music, Old and New Testament themes are linked; after all, the Law in Deuteronomy is a reformed law (a repeat of the Old Law, as the Ten Commandments make clear); in that sense, nothing is new in Deuteronomy; rather the people are asked to rededicate themselves to the law, "heart and soul"; in other words, that the people be, in Jesus' phrase: "born again." As in Deuteronomy, there's the complete emphasis on changing one's way of life, in social terms; everything must be reformed. The singer refers to Revelation as well as to Deuteronomy.
I was sitting in the back of the church one night. I didn't have a God in my life. In fact, I didn't know nothing about salvation. It was during a revival meeting. I sat there with a contrary spirit.
All of a sudden there came a knock in the door in my heart. I ran to the window of my soul. and I looked out.
Jesus was standing there, saying, "Behold I stand at the door and knock. If any man will hear my voice I'll come in. and I'll sup with him. I'll make my abode with him."
All you got to do this day is choose ye this day whom you shall serve. Will it be God or will it be man? Don't count the cost, before it's too late! Choose ye! choose ye! oh, choose ye this day whom you shall serve!
I sat there and I stayed there. All at once I heard the minister say, "Shirley, it's getting late in the evening, the sun is going down. If I were you I'd make a decision."
Good God, from a burning world, I heard that same minister say. "The Lord God Almighty (The Lord God almighty), oh he's soon to come, he's coming to judge everyone. There's no place to hide, there's no place to run! Choose ye! choose ye! choose ye, oh choose ye this day whom you shall serve!
Good God Almighty, I was standing there, all of a sudden, I made up in my mind to give my life to Jesus. I ran down to the altar, I fell down on my face before the Lord, I said, "Jesus, save me today!"
That night the Lord saved me. I've come to be a witness, Lord.
He told me to go yonder and tell the policeman (tell the policeman) as he walks his beat, tell the governnor (tell the governor) throwing dice in the street (dice in the street), tell the lawyer, tell the judge, choose ye! choose ye! choose ye! choose ye this day whom ye shall serve.
Bless you, Jesus! I got blessings from the Lord. I went to and fro telling God's men and women, that Jesus, the only begotten son of God, was coming back to judge the world. Some of them laughed at me, some of them called me foolish, but I kept talking about Jesus. The other morning, I went downstairs, I saw the postman standing there.
God said, "Shirley, this mailman needs to be born again." He said, "Tell the postman what he must do, tell the president to get ready too, tell the governor, the Internal Revenue, choose ye! choose ye! oh, yeah, choose ye this day!"
I feel the power of God moving now! Now listen. You got to make a decison, you got to make a choose. You might be sitting in your places of business, but God says you got to make a choice. For you can't go to Heaven straddling the fence. Either you got to be born again or you ought to get out of the church.
God told me to tell you one more time. Tomorrow might be too late. Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today.
What are you saying? Choose ye this, yeah, choose ye this day whom you shall serve.
HOLD FAST TO THE RIGHT
This also might have been taken straight out of Deuteronomy: the idea that people must be taught the Law (right and wrong) so they never forget it. "Hold fast to the right" is a paraphrase of the famous phrase in the Deuteronomist writer (not only in Deuteronomy, but in later Deuteronomist texts that follow: Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings): do not go either to the left or to the right of the Law, but keep a straight path. This motif appears frequently in Psalms and Proverbs too. Country singer, Dolly Parton, wrote this song.
Come and sit by the side of your mother, my boy, you have only a moment, I know. And stay while I give you this parting advice, it is is all that I have to bestow. Hold fast to the right, hold fast to the right, wherever your footsteps may roam, and forsake not the way of salvation, my boy, that you learned from your mother at home. In your satchel you'll find there's a Bible my boy, it's the book of all others the best. It will teach you to live and prepare you to die and will take you to the home of the Blessed. Hold fast to the right, hold fast to the right, wherever your footsteps may roam, and forsake not the way of salvation my boy that you learned from your mother at home. Hold fast, hold fast to the right.
DON'T LET NOBODY TURN YOUR AROUND
This is a familiar motif in Bible literature: to keep going forward at all costs ("Not to got forward is to turn back," as St. John of the Cross put it).
Don't let nobody turn you around (repeat) keep your feet on solid ground. (Repeat) Friends may come and friends may go (Don't let nobody turn you around), there's one thing that you should know (Don't let nobody turn you around), they'll pick you up and they'll let you down (Don't let nobody turn you around) but you got to keep your feet on solid ground (Don't let nobody turn you around). Don't let nobody turn you around (repeat) keep your feet on solid ground.

DON'T LET NOBODY TURN YOU AROUND
Gospel songs get around and appear in various versions. Here's a blues version of this same song:
Don't you let nobody turn you around (repeat) keep on the narrow road. (Repeat) The Baptists run by water, the Methodists run by land but when we all get to Heaven we're going to shake each other's hand. (Repeat chorus) Cause some folks borrow money they tell you they will pay and when they meet you on the street they look some other way. (Repeat chorus) I would not be a liar, I tell you the reason why. O Jesus might call me any minute and I wouldn't be ready to die. (Repeat chorus)
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
The Bible has been used to preach, on the one hand, obedience to the "powers that be" and, on the other hand, defiance of those powers, based on God's higher law. This is now called Liberation Theology. Martin Luther King appealed to the Gospel song's message when he faced repressive authority (including dogs) in the American South:
By the hundreds we would move out and Bull Connor would tell them to send the dogs forth and they did come but we just went before the dogs singing, "Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around."
MARTIN LUTHER KING AS MOSES
Stories of the Bible can be used as types of righteousness and justice. The repressed can appeal to a higher law, as spoken by Moses, the prophets (as when Nathan condemned King David), and Jesus—as Martin Luther King does here. Here King is another Moses, seeking the Promised Land of justice and freedom, and knowing God is on his side. He might say, in the words of the famous hymn, "because the Bible tells me so." Note, in the final line, King quotes another hymn, "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."

But it really doesn't matter with me now, 'cause I've been to the mountain top. And I don't mind. Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will and he's allowed me to go up to the mountain. I've looked over and I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the Promised Land. So I'm happy tonight, I'm not worried about anything, I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord.

Bible Songs Week of 20 November 2007


JOSHUA and JUDGES

JOSHUA FIT THE BATTLE OF JERICHO
One of the most popular Black spirituals. The song refers to Joshua's battle for Jericho in the book of Joshua (6:1-20). "Fit" is a dialect form of "fought."
Joshua fit the battle around Jericho Jericho Jericho , Joshua fit the battle around Jericho and the walls come tumbling down. God knows that Joshua fit the battle around Jericho Jericho Jericho. Joshua fit the battle around Jericho And the walls come tumbling down Good morning sister Mary Good morning brother John Well I wanna stop and talk with you Wanna tell you how I come along I know you've heard about Joshua He was the son of Nun He never stopped his work until, Until the work was done God knows that Joshua fit the battle around Jericho Jericho JerichoJoshua fit the battle around Jericho And the walls come tumbling down You may talk about your men of Gideon You may brag about your men of Saul There's none like good old Joshua at the battle of Jericho Up to the walls of Jericho He marched with spear in hand: "Go blow them ram horns," Joshua cried, "'Cause the battle is in my hands!"God knows that Joshua fit the battle around Jericho Jericho Jericho Joshua fit the battle around Jericho And the walls come tumbling down You may talk about your men of Gideon You may brag about your king of Saul There none like Joshua At the battle of Jericho They tell me, great God that Joshua’s spear Was well nigh twelve feet long And upon his hip was a double edged sword And his mouth was a gospel horn Yet bold and brave he stood Salvation in his hand Go blow them ram horns Joshua cried 'Cause the devil can't do you no harm God knows, Joshua fit the battle around Jericho Jericho Jericho Joshua fit the battle of Jericho And the walls come tumbling down Up to the walls of Jericho He marched with spear in hand Go blow them ram horns, Joshua cried 'Cause the battle is in my hands Then the lamb and ram sheep horns began to blow The trumpets began to sound Old Joshua shouted glory And the walls came tumblin' down God knows that Joshua fit the battle of Jericho Jericho Jericho Joshua fit the battle around Jericho And the walls come tumbling down Down, down, down, down, down tumblin' down.

SEE THE CONQUERING HERO
This chorus, from Handel's oratorio, Joshua, became one of Handel's greatest hits. It was so popular that Handel included it in another oratorio.
See the conquering hero comes, sound the trumpets, beat the drums! Sports prepare, the laurel bring, songs of triumph to him sing! See the conquering hero, etc.
ZION'S DAUGHTER
Handel's hit song from Joshua was so famous it later became the tune for a Christimas song, turned into a Disco X'mas hit in the 1970s:
Zion's daughter, now your heart is full of joy, in a cradle in the manger lies a holy boy! Zion's daughter, with your sweet angelic smile, holding in your arms the Christ child, resting for a while!

Handel's hit captured everyone's imagination, including a German composer named Beethoven, who wrote variations on the tune for cello and orchestra, a bit of which we'll hear now.

THE SONG OF DEBORAH
The book of Judges is centered on women, good (Deborah) and evil (Delilah). One of the judges, Deborah, predicts victory will be in the hands of a woman. This is irony, because the reader (and Barak) assumes the woman is Deborah, but she turns out to be Jael, who slays the Canaanite captain, Sisera, as he sleeps. The story contrasts the blessed women Jael and Deborah, and the luckless woman, the mother of Sisera, who imagines her son is enjoying the spoils of war as, unknown to her, he lies dead.
Blessed above women shall Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite be, blessed shall she be above women in the tent. He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish. She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples. At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bowed, he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down dead. The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots? Her wise ladies answered her, yea, she returned answer to herself, Have they not sped? have they not divided the prey; to every man a damsel or two; to Sisera a prey of divers colours, a prey of divers colours of needlework, of divers colours of needlework on both sides, meet for the necks of them that take the spoil? So let all thine enemies perish, O LORD: but let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years.
DEBORAH: Handel
Three arias from Handel's oratorio, Deborah. Texts are set redundantly, so a short text is repeated and rephrased to fit the melody. The third text is a musical setting of the Song of Deborah recited above.


Cease, O Judah, cease thy Mourning. See the Days of Bliss returning. Yield your hearts to cheerful praise.

In Jehovah's awful sight haughty [proud] tyrants are but dust. Those who glory in their might place in vanity their trust.

Low at her feet he bowed, he fell and laid in dust his haughty [proud] head and late posterity shall tell that he bowed, he fell down dead.
GIDEON AND THE SWORD
The song says that God, not men, wins battles ("the sword of the Lord," not the sword of Gideon).
Oh, well it was the sword of the Lord And Gideon, Gideon, Gideon children And the sword of the Lord and Gideon I'm gonna lay down my sword and shield!
Oh, well it was the sword of the Lord And Gideon, Gideon, Gideon children And the sword of the Lord and Gideon I'm gonna lay down my sword and shield!
Great God! Well, read your Bible and you can read it right God called Gideon late at night About 4:15
They tell me the time You ought to hear my God on the line They tell me that He spoke his words so sweet You ought to hear the shuffle of angels' feet God spoke again and He spoke that night Go on down, "Brother Gideon, smite the right I heard Brother Gideon spoke with Him,
"Lord, my God, I got too many men." God Almighty told Gideon to do the rest Take them down by the Jordan, stand the test Some come a-leaping in two by two Gideon said pull off that shoe Some come a leaping in three by three Gideon said, "Lord, let me see."
Some came jumping in four by four Great God Almighty, I need some more! They tell me that the numbers ran up to nine Gideon said, "Now fall in line
My God spoke, said, "I tell you when." He counted the number, there were three hundred men!
Oh, well it was the sword of the Lord And Gideon, Gideon, Gideon children And the sword of the Lord and Gideon I'm gonna lay down my sword and shield! (repeat) Great God well you heard my story.
That's the end Brother Gideon had a bunch of fighting men Some were old, some were young All got together till the battle was won
Prayer was the key, though, I do believe, You can't win a battle unless you get on your knees Gideon cried they tell me, shout Great God Almighty, they all ran out Some ran low and some wide
You can't win the battle with God on the main side.
Oh, well it was the sword of the Lord And Gideon, Gideon, Gideon children And the sword of the Lord and Gideon I'm gonna lay down my sword and shield!
Oh, well it was the sword of the Lord And Gideon, Gideon, Gideon children And the sword of the Lord and Gideon I'm gonna lay down my sword and shield!

GIDEON'S BIBLE

Gideon's name is now famous because of the Gideon Bible Society, which traditionally places free Bibles in hotel and motel rooms. The society also hands out free Bibles on the streets, usually with only the New Testament, sometimes with Psalms and Proverbs. The society achieved pop immortality when The Beatles mentioned them in their song, "Rocky Racoon":
Rocky Racoon, checked into his room only to find Gideon's Bible.
WAFT HER ANGELS

Another one of Handel's seemingly limitless supply of tunes; this one mourning the apparent loss of Jephtha's daughter after he makes a foolish vow to sacrifice the first thing he sees after his victory. The oratorio, unlike the Bible, ends happily, with the daughter spared.
Waft [Carry] her, angels, through the skies far above yon [that] azure plain.
IF I HAD MY WAY
This Gospel song blends the stories of Joshua and Samson.
Chorus: If I had my way (3), I'd tear this building down. If I had my way (3) I'd tear this building down. You know Samson was a strong man, a mighty man was he. Till Delilah found his secret, she would not let him be. She shaved his head just as clean as your hand, Samson got as weak as any other man. But God still had a way and he tore that building down. Oh, Lord! If I had my way, if I had my way, if I had my way, I'd tear this building down. Oh, Joshua was a strong man, a mighty man was he. He fought the mighty battle of Jericho, yes indeed. The walls came crumbling, tumbling down, the rocks were piled all over the ground. God let him have his way, he tore that building dwon. Oh, Lord! If I had my way, if I had my way, I'd tear this building down. Oh, I said, if I had my way, if I had my way, if I had my way, I'd tear this building down.
Handel: Dead March,
from the oratorio, Samson


COME ON, JOIN THAT NUMBER
"Number" refers to the number of saints, or saved, in God's Book of Life, mentioned in the books of Moses and in other places, including Revelation:
Don't you want to join that number that no man can number (3), come on and join that number. Yeah, the holy, righteous number that no man can number (3), come on join that number in the air. (Repeat) Well you read in the Bible, you understand, Samson was the strongest man. You read deep down in ancient times, he killed ten thousand Philistines. Well Samson joined that number that no man can number (3) come on join that number in the air. Well, that holy righteous number that no man can number (3) come on join that number in the air. Well join that number that no man can number (3) come on join that number in the air.
SAMSON
A Reggae telling of the Samson story, with reference to a later character in Israel's history, Solomon.
Strongest of men, he was stronger than me. Samson was the strongest man in the days of olden until a woman take it from him. Solomon was wise, he had seven wives. Be careful of her lies, she will also paint her eyes just to get to him in misery. Woman and man were here since the world began, Woman tempted man, It's so plain to understand. Strongest of men, he was stronger than me. Samson was the strongest man in the days of olden until a woman take it from him. Woman and man were here since the world began, Woman had its man, It's so plain to understand. Stronger than Man. Samson was the strongest man in the days of olden until a woman take it from him.

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